Steam-turbine.



G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23. 1913,

1,243,131. Patented Oct. 16,1917.

7 SHEETS-SHEET I.

G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN- 23, l9l3.

1,23, 1'31 Patented Oct. 16, 1917.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

n/lfnesse vex/or .4. (fern Q G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE. 'APPLICATION TILED JAN. 23. 1913.

Patented Oct. 16

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23. 1913.

1,243,131. Patented 0tt.16-,1917.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

k ffnesses BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION man 11mm. 1913.

7 SHEETSSHEET 5,

T 1 9 1 Ru 1 t 0 0 d 6 t n m a D1 "Fig.5.

G. BELLUZZO.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN- 23. 19l3.

'Patentefl @GL 16,1917.

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STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED mu. 23. I913.

Patenmd- Oct. 16, 1917 Z SHEETSSHEET7 Mfineases GIUSEPPE BELLUZZ O,MILAN, ITALY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 16, 1917.

Application filed January23, 1913. Serial No. 743,745.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GIUsnPPn BELLUzzo, professor of mechanicalengineering, a subject of the King of Italy, residing in the city ofMilan, Italy, have inventedcertain new and usefullmprovements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification.

This invention relates to steam turbines and more particularly tosteamturbines adapted for use in steam vessels, and its primary object is toprovide improved arrangements and constructions of parts whereby a greateiiiciency will be combined with capacity of giving a considerablenumber of speeds and with an easily controllable regulation of the same.

A further object of this invention is to provide a special constructionand arrangement of turbine wheels capable of rotating in two oppositedirections, and simple and convenient controlling means for the same.

A still further object is to provide in connection with a novelconstruction and arrangement of turbine wheels, means of a novel andimproved character under the direct control of the operator for changingthe cycle of the steam through said wheels and for regulating thequantity of steam sent through the same, according to the speed anddirection of rotation desired.

With these and other objects in view as will more fully appear as thedescription proceeds, this invention consists in certain novel andimproved constructions and arrangements of parts as will be hereinafterfully described and claimed in the appended claims.

The turbine forming the object of the present invention is formed in asingle group or in two separate groups respectively for the high and thelow pressure, these to be mounted on the same or onparallel shafts, andhaving the following general characteristics:

,The first or the first two high pressure wheels have a larger number ofcircumferential series of blades and a larger diameter than theremaining high pressure wheels,- or in other words, have a largersurface of action.

The object of this arrangement is to'have in the first wheel or wheels ahigher ,cir-

cumferential velocity than inthe other-ones,

it being understood that all the wheels are fixed on the same shaft andtherefore have the same angular velocity; this with the View ofobtaining at the cruisingspeed (at which in my turbine the steam flowsout of the guiding blades at about the same ve-' locity it has at themaximum speed), a ratio between said velocity of outfiow and thecircumferentialvelocity much lower than in the turbines heretofore, used(about 20 in stead of 40 By such an arrangement the efficiency 0 thefirst wheel or wheels can be greater than that obtained by other turbinemakers.

If the turbine is formed in one single group comprising the high and thelow pressure, the last wheels are each provided with four or morecircumferential series of blades divided in two parts, having anopposite curvature, for the rotation in two opposite directions; iftheturbine is formed in two groups, the wheels with four circumferentialseries of blades with double curvature are mounted atthe end of the highpressure group. The last wheel with double curved blades can also havefive cir (fmmferential series of such blades instead of our.

If the turbine is formed in two coaxial groups, high and low pressure,the two shaftsare connectedby a' joint that can be disconnected when itis desired to run the low pressure turbine only; to this end the firstwheel of the low pressure group has a number of circumferential seriesof blades larger than the remaining low pressure wheels (generally beingprovided with four or five series instead of three), and in front of thesame at the top is mounted a distributer having nozzles sending steam tosaid wheel, and receiving said steam directly from the mains, saiddistributor allowing for an expansion ofsaid steam equal to the onetaking place in the first'sectional chamber of the low pressure turbinewhen the same is working in series with the high pressure turbine. Inother words, the expansion of steam in said distributer is higher thanin the distributer located in front of the first high pressurewheel,-and therefore has a higher ratio between its minimum section andits outlet section.

Said distributer which can be regulated" inany convenient manner, isalso useful for supply ng-ri supplementary steam to the low pressure'drumwhen it is desired to raise the power exerted by the power plant,or

when it is necessary to regulate the power on the shaft controlled bythe low pressure turbine in case the shafts should be. more than two andthe action of the high and the e lowpressure should be divided betweenthe,

All of the Figs. 2 2 refer to the high pressure group andare sectionsmade on vertical planes successively displaced about 1; of the diameterwith respect to the middle vertical plane of the turbine.

Fig. 2 in combination with Fig. 1 show the course of the steam when theturbine is running at reduced speed (cruising speed); Fig; 2 showsthecourse of the steamwhen the turbine is running'a't full speed. 7

Fig. 2 shows the same course when the turbine is moving in the reversedirection, 2'. during'the backward run of the vessel. Fig. 3 is aschematic front sectional view in elevation in correspondence of the admission to wheel 6;

Fig. 4 is a schematic front sectional view in elevation incorrespondence of the exhaust from wheel Z) of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a detail side sectional view'in elevation on an "enlargedscale, illustrating the passage of steam in the high pressure from onegroup to the successive group of wheels for rotation in the normaldirection; Fig. 6is a detail side sectional view in elevation on thesame scale illustrating the passage of steam 'from one group to thefollowing group of wheels for the rotation in two opposite directions;

Fig. 7 is a detail front sectional view in elevation illustrating theway in which the valves are controlled; s Figs. 8, 9, and 10 arerespectively a detail side sectional view in elevation, a front view inelevation, and a sectional front view in elevation of the devices foradmitting steam to the high pressure turbine. i

Fig. 11 is a detail longitudinal sectional view in elevation showing therelative arrangement of the rotatingblades and the stationarydistributer blades of the low pressure drum; Y I

- Figs. 12, 13 are respectively a schematic plan view of the turbineillustrated in Fig. 1, and a schematic plan view of a group comprising ahigh and. a low pressure turbine mounted on parallel shafts.

, The high pressure'group is formed by wheels a, .b. .01, (Z, 6, f, g,for the forward motion and by wheels 19, 9," 1", for both the forwardand the backward motion, that is, provided with double circumferentialseries of blades curved 'in opposite directions.

The low pressure group is formed by wheels h, i, Z and by drum m, forthe forward motion, and'by drum 8 for the reverse motion.

lVheels a and b have respectively five and four circumferential seriesof blades; 79, g, 1", it have four series, and the remaining Wheels havethree. At the reducedforward speed of the vessel and "of the'turbin'e,and with proper arrangement of valves and connections, the steam flowsin series through thefollowing wheels? j f 7 7 Q, d5 7 2-91 Z1 In wheelsp, g, and r, the'action of the steamis exerted onthe external portion'ofthe double blades. For speeds fromOJ to the .maximumsp'eed of'the vesseland therefore of the turbine,'the steam 'a'cts'in series on wheels: Y

y Ca 77 7.97 i Z2 7727+ For the reverse mot on the steam acts'in serieson wheels 7*, g, and 29, working on the internal portion of "the bladesand" on drum s, If the high pressure and low pressure groups areinclosed in the same casing the course of the steam is the 'same aspreviously described- Two'main valves '0 c, (Fig. 10 establishcommunication of the-two groups of inlets with the steam arriving fromthe boiler. In front of wheel 6, as seenin the transversal sectionrepresented in Fig. 3, are two groups of distributers, cl always open,and d, which can be closed with avalve when the turbine is running atthe reduced speed. The inl'et'of steam to the distributor which is infrontfof wheel 0 inside is closed with one or two valves at a reducedspeed;.said

valves are'openat the maximum speed. In the same manner a valve ifopenpermits the communication between chamber 6 and the first .distributerfor the forward motion of wheel p, a second valve between the exhaust ofthis one and the admission to g, a third valve between the exhaust ofthis one and the admission to r, a fourth between the exhaust'of randthe. admission to wheel 0, that in this action cannot receive theexhaust of wheel b, the valveor valves of connnunie cation being closed.r Another series of valvespermits the communication between the exhaustof wheel? for the reverse motion and the admission to wheel 9, (revesemotion), between the exhaust of g and the admissiontop, and between theexhaustof p, and, the admission to drum 8. i

If the groups of turbines are two for the forward motion, the steam isdischarged'in chamber A in the lower-part of the high pressure turbine,and a conduit leads the same to'the admission B of'the lovvpressu're";

for the reverse motion the steam is dis charged from J (Fig. 2 and isadmitted in (t (F 1). In this case in conduits A, B, connecting the highwith the low pressure chamber, will be provided flanges for attachingthe exhaust of the auxiliary small turbines that control auxiliarymechanisms such as the circulating and the air pumps.

If the turbine is in one group only, such exhaust steam from auxiliaryturbines is discharged in front of drum m. When the turbines areoperated for the reverse motion said exhausts will instead be dischargedin G (Fig, 1*), or infront of drum 3 with a proper operation of'valveswhich are provided to this end.

In the scheme represented in the drawings, in D is mounted the group ofadmission to the high pressure: in E is mounted the distributer thatsupplies direct steam to the low pressure, in F is the discharge to thecondenser.

In the partition between wheels a and 7), as previously stated, areprovided at the lower part, distributing openings (Z, of wheel 6,through which passes the quantity of steam necessary for the low speeds;at the top are provided distributing openings (Z which are supplementing(Z when higher speeds are desired; but to reach the same, as stated, thesteam must pass through one or two valves. In Fig. 3 is seen. valve 1;,which when it is open, establishes communication between 1 and 2, space2 being in communication with the discharge of wheel a.

In the partition between wheels 6 and 0,

are provided at the top the distributing openings to wheel 0, but thesteam to arrive to the same-must also pass through one or two valves,which together with valves previously mentioned, are closed at the lowspeeds and open at the higher speeds.

Along the cylindrical part of the sectional chamber in which rotateswheel I), is finally mounted a valve which is only open at the reducedspeeds, and which establishes communication between chamber .6 and thedistributor for the forward motion of wheel 7).

In Fig. 4 is represented a schematic section made at the discharge sideof wheel Z; of Fig. 1; in the same valve Q), is the one that conductsthe steam discharge from wheel 7) frCm 2 to 1, and from 1' to wheel 79;'0 is instead the valve establishing communication between the dischargeof I), this discharge being in communication with 3, and the distributor(Z of wheel 0.

In Fig. 5 is represented in a larger scale the arrangement for thepassage of steam from a group of wheels to another through a valve, andparticularly through valve 11 of Fig. 4, betweenwheels .b and 0. In saidfigure '0 indicates the balanced-valve that when "open establishescommunication between chamber band chamber 12 In said figure is alsorepresented in dotted lines pipe 5 that from the discharge of wheel 1'for the forward motion leads the steam to chamber 6 and then to thedistributers of wheel 0 also when valve '0 is closed.

Fig. 6, which is relative to a section made with an axial plane,indicates the details relating to the passage of steam in wheels 19, g,r. The section indicated in full lines represents the valve 11 whichwhen open leads the steam discharged from wheel 1* in 1 from 9 to q, tothe distributors of a reverse motion cl The dotted lines representinstead the valve 7 which is closed when valve 11 is open, and is openat the low speeds to lead the exhaust steam of wheel p from 19 to Q1 andthen to the distributers of forward motion of wheel 9.

From the foregoing it can be seen that it is necessary to effectsynchronous movements of the groups of valves mounted at the higher partof the turbine in correspondence with the high pressure of forward andreverse speeds, according to the speed direction or rotation of theturbine which are desired.

Each of these valves is mounted as previously described and iscontrolled as indicated in Fig. 7 this represents the top part of asection made through the turbine in a plane perpendicular to the axis incorrespondence of any one of the said valves.

In said figure 1) indicates the valve opening toward the lower side andestablishing communication between chamber 1. where the exhaust steam ofone wheel arrives, with the chamber 2 on which the distributors of thesucceeding wheel open.

Along the high pressure turbine above the same is mounted an operatingshaft shown in section and designated by a in'said Fig. 7 the same isprovided with as many cams as there are valves to operate, said camsbeing arranged in such a manner that according to the annular positionof said shaft a, all the valves for the forward motion will be open orthose for the reverse motion.

It is thus obvious that rotating shaft a in the direction opposite tothat of a clocks hands, cam 0 will operate lever Z around fulcrum f andwill cause the opening of valve 1) (Fig. 7). Simultaneously with theoper ation of shaft a, the operation of the main admission valves mustalso be effected and tothis end at the front part of the turbine aremounted the steam admitting and distributing devices represented inFigs. 8, 9, and 10.

The steam arrives from the boiler through the opening A in a chamber B,in which are mounted three balanced valves in correspondence of v v 12(Fig. 10). When valve 4;, is open the steam can be admitted the previousone.

to a group comprising a few elementary distributing valves, as many asnecessary to give steam for the low or cruising speeds.

In Fig 10, (section Y Y of Fig. 8) are indicated in 1, 2, 3, the seatsof such valves. When besides valve o valve o is also open, the steam canbe admitted to additional elementary valves, 1, 5, 6, etc. and thereforethe speed of the turbine will behigher than By keeping valves '0 and 12closed, and opening valve a steam will be sent into the conduit 2' (Fig.10) and from this to the distributer for reverse motion of wheel 7.

In Fig. 8 which has a section through X X of Fig. 9 the distributer dfor the forward motion of wheel a and the elementary valve 6 with therelative controlling devices are shown in section.

The operation of the various valves is effected as follows:

A hand wheel S (Figs. 9, 10), which is within reach of the engineer,controls a bar 1012, having the special outline indicated in Fig. 10;when said bar is moved toward the left it will cause the lowering andtherefore the successive opening of the valve inserted in 12 and 11 whensaid bar is moved toward the right, it will cause the lowering of valvethe lowering of said valves is caused by cam-surfaces provided in thesaid bar, operating against a roller 7', which is mounted on a littlepiston s, which is connected to the valve rod and which is shown in Fig.only for valve 12 Bar 10-12 has also a lug 11 (FigsB, 10), on which isfixed a pin 13 inserted through sliding part 1 1. Said sliding partslides in a slot provided in lever Z which is mounted on the shaft abearing the cams controlling the various valves; therefore the motion ofbar 1012 will cause the motion of shaft a, and its various positions canbe indicated by means of an index finger on a plate t, on which thevarious combinations of direction and speed of the vessel are marked.

l/Vhen the turbine is stationary the three hand valves provided in '0 o4),, are closed while those in the turbine establishing communicationfrom 6 to p, p to q, q to r, 1 to 0, for the forward motion at lowspeeds remain slightly open. Operating bar 1012 so as to cause theopening ofvalve 1), said other valves will be completely open, and

opening elementary valve 1, the turbine will rotate at its lowest speed,opening 2 and 3 at the cruising speed. Continuing to turn hand wheel Sthus moving bar 10'-l2 toward the left valve 4), will remain open andvalve '0 will also be open. Communication between Z) and p, p and q, gand 7", 1". and 0 will be closed and communication at the top between aand I), b and 0, will be open.

7 The turbine under these conditions can run at-various' higher-speeds,according to the number of elementary valves, 4:, 5, 6, etc. openbesides 1, 2 and 3.

Rotating the hand wheel in. the opposite direction, said valvesv 1),, owill be closed, and valve '0 will be open, and at the same time by meansof shaft a, the valves that admit steam fromr and g, from g to p, from pto drum 8 will also be open. Bar 1012 can also be controlled bymeans ofa single separate steam cylinder combined with the hand control. Such anarrangement will be especially suitable for large turbines also becausethe same gives the possibility of control from any point of the vessel.

in Figs. 12, 13, is represented a schematic assemblage of the two highand low pressure turbines in case the same are mounted on the same axisor on parallel axes.

In both figures D indicates, the flange to which is attached the handsteam pipe leading steam to the distributer 13; .a indi, cates the shaftcontrol of the various valves, and S the controlling hand. wheel. Thevalves that establish communication between the top distributer of wheelZ) with the eX- haust of wheel a is designated by o; 72 indicates thevalve establishing communication between the exhaust of wheel 6 and theadmission to wheel opa designates the valve and 1 the connecting pipefrom the exhaust of wheel 6 to the admission ofwheel p forward motion; 6designates the valve establishing communication between the exhaust ofwheel 10 and admission to wheel 9 for; ward motion; 7 thevalvexestablishing conimunication between the exhaust of g and theadmission to 1"; 8 they-valve and 5 the pipe establishing communicationbetween the exhaust of wheel '2" and .the admission to wheel 0. Valves'0 6, 7, and 8 are either closed or open at the same time.

9 indicatesthe piping admitting steam from the distributer in front togroup 14C for the reverse motion. The valves establishing communicationfor the reverse motion between the exhaust of wheel 7 and the admissionto wheel (7, the exhaust of wheel 9 and the admission to wheel 72, theexhaust of wheel p and through pipe 17, the low pressure drum for thereverse motion are respectively designated by 10, 11 and 12.

16 designates the connections between the high and the low pressure forthe forward motion. E indicates the flange to which is attached thesteam main leading steam to thedistributer for the forward motion forthe'low pressure, F indicates the discharge to the condenser.

It is to be understood, of course, that the distributer 15 for thelow-pressure turbine is substantially the same in construction as thedistributer for the high pressure turbine. v V A modified form of theturbine described may be had by anarrangement ofthe Va;

rious wheels whereby the wheels provided with double curved blades p, q,7", are mounted in front instead of being at the rear of the highturbines. In this case it is obvious that for the forward motion for lowand cruising speeds, the steam must run in series through wheels p, L,1", a, b, 0, (Z, e, g, 71, 2', Z, m, while at the high speeds the samewil a without passing by he admitted to wheel the first three wheels.

For the reverse motion steam will be admitted to the correspondingcircumferential seriesof blades of wheels 2), g, r, in the properdirection, and then to drum 8.

Another important constructive detail of the turbine refers to thearrangement of the blades in the low pressure drum, said arrangementbeing schematically represented in 11. The turbines provided with thelow pressure drum which have been made so far, have said drum providedwith blades having an equal axial dimension, the distributing bladeshaving also the same axial dimension as the rotating blades; or else thevarious blades are sub-divided in two or three groups, each group havinga larger radial dimension as it progresses toward the outlet, alwayspreserving however the equal axial dimension of both rotating anddistributing blades.

With my new arrangement (Fig. 11), I

have the blades sub-divided in different groups, having an increasing"radial dimension, but at the same time while their radial dimension isincreased, their axial dimension is also increased; and'this alwayspreserving the rule of keeping the axial dimension of the distributingblades larger than that of the wheel served by the same, so that theperipheral pitch of the distributing blades is considerably larger thanthat of the corresponding wheels; this construction is advantageousinasmuch as it brings economical advantages in the operation.

It is, of course, understood that while I refer to a steam turbine bothin the specification and claims, the turbine forming the object of myinvention can also be used in connection with other elastic fluids underpressure.

The various details of my invention can be changed to a certain extentwithout departing from the spirit of the same; I re serve myself theright of bringing to my invention all those changes and modificationswhich may better answer the difierent requirements to be had indifferent cases and which may enter fairly into the scope of theappended claims.

I claim:

1. In a steam turbine plant, the combination of a high pressure chamberprovided with a steam inlet, a low provided with a steam outlet, aplurality of wheels mounted in parallel planes within pressure chambermaining wheels bein provided with a num' ber of circumferential seriesof blades 1 7 adapted to impart to said wheels a movement of rotation inthe normal direction and with additional series of blades concentric tosaid circumferential series adapted to impart to said wheels a movementof rotation in the opposite direction, a drum provided with a number ofcircumferential series of blades adapted to impart to the same amovement of rotation in the normal direction mounted within said lowpressure chamber, and a drum provided with a number of circumferentialseries of blades adapt ed to impart to the same a movement of rotationin the opposite direction also mounted within said low pressure chamber.

2. In a steam turbine plant, the combination of a high pressure chamberprovided with a steam inlet, a low pressure chamber provided with asteam outlet, a plurality of wheels mounted in parallel planes withinsaid high pressure chamber, part of said wheels being provided with anumber of circumferential series of blades adapted to impart to saidwheels a movement. of rotation in the normal direction, and theremaining wheels being provided with a number of circumferential seriesof blades adapted to impart to said wheels a movement of rotation in thenormal direction, and with additional series of blades concentric tosaid circumferential series adapted to impart to said wheels a movementof rotation in the opposite direction, a drum provided with a number ofcircumferential series of blades adapted to impart to the same amovementof rotation in the normal direction and a drum-provided with entialseries of blades adapted to impart to the same a movement of rotation inthe'opposite direction mounted within said loW pressure chamber,partitions between adjoining wheels dividing said chambers intosections, means for admitting steam in the sectional chambers thusformed, connections between sections inclosing wheels adapted to rotatein one direction, and sections inclosing wheels adapted to rotate in twodirections, valves controlling said steam admitting means and saidconnections, and means for operating said valves to regulate the amountof steam sent into the said chambersand the course followed by the sameaccording to speed and direction of.

motion desired; substantiallv as described, and for the purposes as setforth. v

3. In a steam turbine plant,'and in combination with a source of steamsupply,

pressure chamber and a low pressure cha'ms a number of circumfen:

a highbereach provided with a steam inlet, a plurality of wheels mountedin parallel planes within each chamber, said wheels being each providedwith a number of circumferential series of blades adapted to impart tosaid wheels a movement of rotation in the normal direction, the wheel orwheels mounted in closeproximity of said steam inlets being providedwith a larger number of blade series, a plurality of additional wheelsmounted in parallel planes within said high pressure chamber, eachprovided with a number of circumferential series of blades adapted toimpart to said wheels a movement of rotation in the normal direction andwith additional series of blades concentric to said circumferentialseries adapted to impart to said wheels a movement'of rotation in theopposite direction, a drum provided with a number of circumferentialseries of blades adapted to impart to the same a movement of rotation inthe normal direction, and a drum provided with a number ofcircumferentialseries of blades adapted to impart to the same a'movementof rotation in the op posite direction mounted within said low pressurechamber, partitions between adjoining wheels dividing said chambers intosections, means for admitting steam in the sectional chambers thusformed, connections between sections inclosing wheels adapted to rotatein one direction and sections inclosing wheels adapted to rotate in twodirections, valves controlling said steam admitting means and saidconnections. and means for operating said valves to regulate the amountof steam sent into the said chambers and the course followed by the sameaccording to speed and direction of motion desired; substantially asdescribed, and for the purposes as set forth;

4. In a steam turbine plant, the combination of a high pressure chamberprovided with a steam inlet a low pressure chamber 7 provided with asteam outlet, a plurality of wheels mounted in parallel planes withinsaid high pressure chamber, the wheels mounted at the inlet end beingeach provided with a number of circumferential series of blades adaptedto impart to said wheels a movement of rotation in the normal direction,and the remaining wheels being each provided with a number ofcircumferential series of blades adapted to impart to said wheels amovement of rotation in the normal direction, and with additional seriesof blades concentric to said circumferential series adapted to impart tosaid wheels a movement of rotation in theopposite direction, rotatableelements adapted to rotate in the normal direction, and anotherrotatable element adapted to rotate in the opposite direction withinsaid low pressure chamber, partitions in said chambers between adjoining wheels or elements,

and valves and connections between the various sectional chambers thusformed, whereby steam can be causedto flow through the first two wheelsadapted to rotate in the normal direction, then through the wheelsadapted to rotate in both directions so as to cause the rotation of thesame in the normal direction, then through the remaining wheels adaptedto rotate in the normal direction then through the rotatable elementswithin the low pres sure chamber adapted to rotate in the normaldirection, at the reduced speeds; through all the wheels adapted torotate in thenormal direction only and the rotatable elements withinsaid low pressure chamber adapted to rotate in the same direction, atthe high speeds; and through the wheels adapted to rotate in bothdirections so as to cause the rotation of the same in the reversedirection, and through the rotatable element within said low pressurechamber adapted to rotate in the reverse direction, when the re versemotion is desired; substantially asset forth. I

5. In a steam turbine plant, and in combination with a source of steamsupply, a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber each providedwith a steam inlet, a plurality of wheels mounted in parallel planeswithin each chamber, said wheels belng each provided with a numberofcircuma ferential series of blades adapted to'impart to said wheels amovement of rotation in the normal direction, the wheel or wheelsmounted in close proximity of said steam inlets being pro vided with alarger numberof blade series, and the first two wheels mounted in closeproximity of the high pressure inlet being of a larger diameter than theadjoining wheels, a plurality of additional wheels mounted in parallelplanes within said high pressure chamber each provided with a number ofcircumferential series of blades adapted to impart to said wheels a movement of rotation in the normal direction, and with additional series ofblades concentric to said circumferential series adapted to impart tosaid wheels a movement of rotation in the opposite direction, adrumprovided with a number of circumferential series of blades adaptedto impart to the same a movement of rotation in the normal direction anda drum provided with a num-' ber of circumferential series of bladesadapted to impart to the same a movement of l.

rotation in the reverse direction mounted within said low pressurechamber, partitions in said chambers between adjoining wheels orelements, valves and connections between the various sectional chambersthus formed,

and means controlling said valves and connections whereby steam can becaused to flow through the first two wheels adapted to rotate in thenormal direction, then through the wheels a'dapted to rotate in bothdirections so as to cause the rotation of the same in the normaldirection, then through the remaining wheels adapted to rotate in thenormal direction, then through the rotatable elements within the lowpressure chamber adapted to rotate in the normal direction, at thereduced speeds, through all the wheels adapted to rotate in the normaldirection only and the rotatable elements within said low pressurechamber adapted to rotate in the same direction, at the high speeds; andthrough the wheels adapted to rotate in both directions so as to causethe rotation of the same in the reverse direction, and through therotatable ele ment within said loW pressure chamber adapted to rotate inthe reverse direction, when the reverse motion is desired, and wherebysteam can be admitted directly through the low pressure inlet ointlywith, or independently of the steam coming from the high pressurechamber; substantially as set forth.

6. In a steam turbine plant, and in combination with a source of steamsupply, a pressure chamber provided with a steam inlet, a plurality ofwheels mounted in parallel planes within said chamber adapted to rolatein the normal direction, partitions between adjoining wheels, means foradmitting steam to the various sectional chambers thus formed, and meansfor admitting steam to said inlet comprising two main valves, eachhaving an inlet and an outlet chamber, a plurality of elementary valvesin each outlet chamber adapted to connect said outlet chamber with saidsteam inlet, means under the control of the operator for actuating oneof the said main valves or for jointly actuating both main valves, andmeans for independently actuating said elementary valves; for thepurposes as set forth.

7. In a steam turbine plant, and in combination with a source of steamsupply, a pressure chamber provided with a steam inlet, a plurality ofwheels mounted in parallel planes within said chamber adapted to rotatein the normal direction, a plurality of additional wheels adapted torotate in the normal direction, a plurality of additional wheels adaptedto rotate in the reverse direction, a separate steam inlet for the same,partitions bet-ween adjoining wheels, means for ad mitting steam to thesectional chambers thus formed, and means for admitting steam to saidinlets comprising two main valves for the first and one valve for thesecond mentioned inlet, said two main valves each having an inlet and anoutlet chamber, a plurality of elementary valves in each outlet cham beradapted to connect said outlet chamber with said steam inlet, meansunder the'control of the operator for opening one or both main valves,or for opening the remaining valve while-the said two main valves remainclosed, and means for independently actuating said elementary valves;for the purposes as set forth. 1

8. In a steam turbine plant, and in combination ith a source of steamsupply, and with wheels adapted to be rotated in the normal direction,and wheels adapted to be rotated in the reverse direction, steamdistributing devices for admitting steam to said wheels, said devicescomprising two main valves for admitting steam to the first mentionedwheels, one valve for admitting steam to the second mentioned wheels,and camacting means under the control of the operator for actuating saidvalves.

In a steam turbine plant, and in com bination. with. a source of steamsupply, a pressure chamber, a set of wheels mounted therein adapted torotate in the normal direction, a set of wheels adapted to rotate in thereverse direction, steam inlets for each of said sets of wheels, twomain valves for admitting steam to the first set of wheels, one valvefor admitting steam to said second set of wheels, and a cam-actingelement operating first one and then the other main valve when moved inone direction, and operating the remaining valve when moved in theopposite direction.

10. In. a steam turbine plant, and in combination with a source of steamsupply, a pressure chamber, a set of wheels mounted therein adapted torotate in the no mal direction, a set of wheels adapted to rotate in thereverse direction, steam inlets for each of said sets of wheels, twomain-valves for admitting steam to the first set of wheels, one valvefor admitting steam to the said second set of wheels, at can1actin gelement operating first one and then the other main valve when moved inone direction, and operating the remaining valve when moved in theopposite direction, and a plurality of independently operated elementaryvalves inserted between each main val re and the steam inlet supplied bythe same.

11. In a steam turbine, the combination of a pressure chamber, aplurality of wheels mounted in parallel planes within said chamber,partitions between adjoining wheels, an inlet for admitting steam to thefirst sectional chamber thus formed, a permanently open distributerthrough the partition dividing the first from the second chamber, anadditional distributer through said partition, an inclosure for saidadditional distributer, a valve for admitting steam from the firstsectional chamber to said inclosure, a distributor through the secondpartition, dividing the second from the third sectional chamber, aninclosure for said distributer, a connection between said secondsectional chamber, and an intermediate sectional chamber, a connectionbetween said secondv sectional chamber .anrL'said'second men-.. a

tioned inclosure, valves controlling said connections, a permanentconnection between said second mentioned inclosure and the lastsectional chamber, two main valves for admitting steam to said inlet,and means for controlling said valves and the remaining valves, causingthe steam to flow from the first to the second sectional chamber throughthe permanently open distributer, then from the second to theintermediate, then to the last and third sectional chambers, then to theremaining chambers when one of said main valves only is open, andcausing said steam to flow from the first to the second sectionalchamber through both distributers, then from the second to the third andthe remaining adj oin ing chambers, when both said main valves are open;substantially as set forth.

12. In a steam turbine, the combination of a pressure chamber, aplurality of wheels adapted to rotate in the normal direction mounted inparallel planes within said chamber, a second pressure chamber, aplurality of wheels adapted to rotate in both directions mounted inparallel planes within the same, partitions between adjoining wheels, aninlet for admitting steam to the first sectional chamber thus formed insaid pressure chamber, a permanently open distributer through thepartition dividing the first from the second chamber, an additionaldistributer through said partition, an inclosure for said additionaldistributer, a valve for admitting steam from the first sectionalchamber to said inclosure, a distributer through the second partition,dividing the second from the third sectional chamber, an inclosure forsaid distributer, a connection between said second sectional chamber andthe first sectional chamber of said second pressure chamber, aconnection between said second sectional chamber and said secondmentioned inclosure, valves controlling said connections, a permanentconnection between said second mentioned inclosure and the lastsectional chamber of said second pressure chamber, two main valves foradmitting steam to said inlet, another inlet for admitting steam to thesecond pressure chamber when the wheels therein have to be rotated in areverse direction, distributers through the partitions of said secondpressure chamber for admitting steam to the wheels when rotating in thereverse direction, distributers for admitting steam to the same whenrotating in the reverse direction, valves controlling said distributors,a main valve connected to said other inlet,'and means for controllingsaid main valves and the remaining valves, causing the steam to flowfrom the first to the second sectional chamber of sa d pressure chamberthrough the permanently open distributer, then from the second to thefirst of. said second pressure chamber, then to the intermediate andlast of said second pressure chamber, then to the third and theremaining sectional chambers of said first pressure chamber when one ofsaid main valves for the normal direction is open; from the first to thesecond sectional chamber of said first pressure chamber through bothdistributers, then from the second to the third and to the remainingsectional chambers of the same pressure chamber when both said mainvalves for the normal direction are open; and through said second inletto the last, intermediate and first sectional chambers of said secondpressure chamber, when said two main valves are closed, and is open thethird mentioned main valve; substantially as set forth.

18. In a steam turbine, andin combination with a low pressure chamber, adrum provided with a plurality of circumferential series of bladesincreasing by groups both in the radial and axial dimensions from theinlet toward the outlet end, and stationary distributing series betweenadjoining circumferential series, each having the radial dimensionsubstantially equal to the radial dimension of the adjoiningcircumferential series toward the outlet end, and the axial dimensionlarger than the axial dimension of said circumferential series;substantially as set forth.

14. In a steam turbine, the combination of a pressure chamber providedwith an inlet, a plurality of wheels adapted to rotate in the normaldirection mounted in parallel planes within said chamber, the first andsecond wheel adjoining said inlet, each having not less than fourcircumferential series of blades and having a larger diameter than theremaining wheels, said remaining wheels being each provided with threecircumferential series of blades, a second pressure chamber, a pluralityof wheels adapted to rotate in both directions mounted in parallelplanes within the same, said wheels being each provided with fourcircumferential series of blades adapted to rotate said wheels in thenormal direction, and with four additional series of blades concentricto said circumferential series, adapted to rotate said wheels in thereverse direction, partitions between adjoining wheels, a permanentlyopen distributer through the partition dividing the first from thesecond chamber, an additional distributor through said partition, aninclosure for said additional distributer, a valve for admitting steamfrom the first sectional chamber to said inclosure, a distributerthrough the second partition, dividing the second from the thirdsectional chamber, an inclosure for said distributer, a connectionbetween said second sectional chamber and the first sectional chamber ofsaid second pressure chamber, a connection between said second.vsectional chamber and said second mentioned inclosure, valvescontrolling said connections, a permanent connection between said secondmentioned in closure and the last sectional chamber of said secondpressure chamber, two main valves for admitting steam to said inlet,another inlet for admittingsteam to the second pressure chamber when thewheels thereinhave to be rotated in-a reverse direction, distributersthrough the partitions of said second pressure chamber for admittingsteam to the wheels when rotating in the normal direction, distributers.for admitting steam to the samev when rotating in the reverse direction,valves controlling said distributers, a main valve connected to saidchamber of said first pressure chamber through both distributers, thenfrom the second to the third and to the remaining sectional chambers ofthe same pressure chamber when both said main valves for the normaldirection are open; and through said second inlet to the lastintermediate and first sectional chambers of said second pressurechamber, when said two main valves areclosed, and is open the thirdmentioned main valve; substantially as set forth.

15. Ina steam turbine, the combination of a high pressure chamberdividedin two compartments, a plurality of wheels adapted to rotate inthe normal direction mounted in parallel planes within'the firstcompartment,

said compartment having a steam inlet, and

the first and second wheels adjoining said inlet each having notlessthan four circumferential series of blades and having a larger diameterthan the remaining wheels, said remaining wheels being eachprovided-with three circumferential series of blades, a pluralityofwheels adapted to rotate in both directions mounted in parallelplanes'within said second compartment, said-wheels be ing each providedwith four circumferential series of blades adapted to rotate said wheelsin the normal direction, and with four additional series of bladesconcentric to said circumferential series, adapted to rotate said wheelsin the reverse direction, partitions between adjoining wheels, a{permanently open distributer through the partition dividing the firstfrom the second chamber, an

additional distributer through said partition-,an inclosure for saidadditional distributer, a valve for admittingsteam from the firstsectional chamber to said inclosure, a distributer through the secondpartition, dividing the second from the third sectional chamber, aninclosure for said distributer, a connection between said secondsectional chamber and the first sectional chamber of said secondcompartment, a connection be tween said second sectional chamber andsaid second mentioned inclosure, valves controlling said connections, apermanent connection between said second mentloned 1nclosure andthe lastsectional chamber of said second compartment, two main valves foradmittlng steam to said inlet, another inlet for admitting steam to thesecond compartment when the wheels therein have to be rotated in areverse direction, distributers through the partitions ofsaid secondcompartment, for admitting steam to the wheels when rotating inthe'normal direction, distributers for admitting steam to the same whenrotating in the reverse direction, valves controlling said distributers,a main valve con-nected'to said other inlet, a low pressure chamber, adrum provided with a plurality of circumferential series of bladesadapted to rotate the same in the normal direction andanotherdrumprovided with a plurality of circumferential series of bladesadapted to rotate the same in the reverse direction mounted therein, andmeans for controlling said main valves and the remaining valves,causingthe steam to flowfrom the first to the second sectional chamberof said first compartment, through the permanently .open distributer,then from the second to the first of said second compartment, then tothe intermediate and last of said second compartment, then to the thirdand the remaining sectional chambers of said first compart ment and tothe low pressure chamber when one of said main-valves for the normaldirection is open {from the first to the second sectional chamber ofsaid first compartment through both distributers, thenfrom the second tothe third and to the remaining chambers of the same compartment and thento the low pressure chamber whenboth said main valves forv the normaldirection are open; and through said second inlet to the last,intermediate and first sectional chambers of said second compartment,and then to the low pressure chamber through the drum for the reverserotation when said two mam valves are closed, and 1s open the thirdmentioned main valve; substantlally as set forth.

16. In a steam turbine, and in combination with a high pressure chamber,a low pressure chamber, an inlet for admitting steam to said lowpressure chamber independently of'saidhigh' pressure chamber,=a{plurality of wheels mounted: parallel planes within said low pressurechamber, the one close to said inlet being provided with fourcircumferential series of blades adapted to rotate the same in thenormal direction, and the remaining wheels being each provided withthree such series of blades, a drum also mounted within said lowpressure chamber, provided with a plu- -rality of circumferential seriesof blades adapted to rotate the same in the normal dithe reversedirection.

17. In a steam turbine, and in combination with a high pressure chamber,a low pressure chamber, an inlet for admitting steam to said lowpressure chamber independently of said high pressure chamber, aplurality of wheels mounted in parallel planes within said low pressurechamber, the one close to said inlet being provided with fourcircumferential series of blades adapted to rotate the same in thenormal,

direction, and the remaining wheels being each provided with three suchseries of blades, a drum also mounted within said low pressure chamberprovided with a plurality of circumferential series of blades adapted torotate the same in the normal direction, another drum provided with aplurality of circumferential series of blades adapted to rotate the samein the reverse direction, the radial and axial dimensions of said bladesin both drums increasing from the inlet toward the outlet end,stationary distributing series between adjoining circumferential seriesof said drums having the radial dimension substantially equal to theradial dimension of the adjoining circumferential series toward theoutlet end, and the axial dimension larger than the axial dimension ofsaid circumferential series, means for admitting steam from said highpressure to said low pressure chamber to actuate said normally rotatingwheels and drum, and means for admitting steam from said high to saidlow pressure chamber to actuate said drum rotating in the reversedirection.

-18. The combination of a casing provided with a steam inlet,a shaft, aplurality of wheels mounted along said shaft provided withcircumferential series of I blades adapted to-impart to said wheels amove- 'ment in normal direction, the wheel or wheels in close proximityof said steam inlet'being provided with four or more circumferentialseries of ,blades and being of chambers, a cam shaft controlling theoperation. of said secondaryvalves, and means under the control of theoperator simultaneouslycontrolling said cam shaft and said main valves.

20. In a steam turbine plant and in combination with asource ofsteamsupply of a plurality of pressure chambers, main valves admitting steamfrom the mains, secondary valves admitting steam to said pressurechambers, a cam shaft operating said secondary valves and cam actingmeans under the control of the operator controlling the operation ofsaid cam shaft and of said main valves.

21. In a steam turbine plant and in combination with a plurality ofpressure chambers, a shaft, main valves admitting steam from the mains,secondaryvalves admitting steam to said pressure chambers for rotatingsaid shaft in the normal direction, secondary valves admitting steam tosaid pressure chambers for rotating said shaft in the oppositedirection, and means under the control of the operator simultaneouslycontrolling the operation of said main valves and secondary valves, saidmeans operating the valves so as to admit steam for imparting normalrotation to saidshaft when I moved in one direction, and operatingvalves so as to admit steam to said pressure chambers so as to impartthe reverse rotation to said shaft when moved in the opposite direction.

22. In a steam turbine plant, the combination with a source of steamsupply, of a high pressure section having a plurality of action wheelsmounted therein, of a low pressure section having a plurality of actionwheels, an action drum having a number of circumferential blades, meansfor supplying steam to the low pressure section, said means consistingof a group of nozzles mounted adjacent to the low pressure wheelsconcentrically and in arcuateseries, and directed toward the remainingarcuate portion of the wheels; said nozzles being mounted to "normallyreceive the steam exhausted from the high pressure section.

'23. A steam turbine comprising a high pressure section, having a numberof action disks for increasing speeds and for rotation in one directionand additional disks for rotation in either direction, the firstcircumferential rows of blades on a cir- In testimony whereof I affix mysignacumference of a larger diameter than that ture in the presence oftwo Witnesses.

of the remaining disks, and a 10W pressure GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO. sectionhaving a number of action disks Witnesses:

and a drum With circumferential series of B. CARLO SALVOTTI,

blades. P. J. KEELAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

